Sex Dependent Occlusive Cardiovascular Disease Effects of Short-Term Thirdhand Smoke Exposure.

INTRODUCTION: Thirdhand smoke (THS) is associated with many public health and disease concerns, such as respiratory illness, cancer, lipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have previously shown a moderate to long-term exposure to THS increased risk of thrombosis. However, whether short-term exposure to THS would produce any effects in causing disease remains to be discovered. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of one-month THS exposure on platelet function and cytokine response in sex-dependent. METHODS: Secondhand smoke or clean air (CA) exposed upholstery materials for 1 week were kept in cages housed with 5-6 mice, and the procedure was repeated for 4 weeks. These THS-exposed mice were evaluated for thrombogenesis and platelet function assays. In addition, the cytokines expressions were evaluated from pooled serum (n=5). RESULTS: Compared to the CA group, the THS exposure significantly shortened tail bleeding time and carotid artery thrombus formation. Moreover, the female mice appeared more sensitive to THS exposure than males. Furthermore, platelet aggregation, dense granule secretion, and P-selectin activation markers were significantly elevated due to THS exposure. In addition, the high throughput screening showed at least 30 cytokines differentially modulated by THS in females relative to 26 in male mice. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results demonstrate that one month of THS exposure represents a high health risk, in part, by triggering a prothrombotic phenotype that appears to be more significant in females, who are at a much higher risk for occlusive CVD. Additionally, changes in cytokine levels mediate some of the THS-induced occlusive effects. IMPLICATIONS: This study revealed that THS exposure in one month is detrimental to the cardiovascular health of both sexes; however, females could be more aggressively affected than males. In addition, interleukins and chemokines could be critical factors for initiating prothrombotic activity due to THS exposure.

Impact of baseline and interim quantitative PET parameters on outcomes of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Currently, analysis of interim PET (iPET) according to the Deauville score (DS) is the most important predictive factor in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL); however, there is room for improvement in its prognostic power. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of quantitative PET analysis (maximum standard uptake value [SUVmax], total metabolic tumor volume [TMTV] and total lesion glicolysis [TLG]) at baseline (PET0) and iPET in a retrospective cohort of newly diagnosed classical HL. For positive iPET (+ iPET), the reduction of quantitative parameters in relation to PET0 (ΔSUVmax, ΔTMTV and ΔTLG) was calculated. Between 2011 and 2017, 234 patients treated with ABVD were analyzed. Median age was 30 years-old, 59% had advanced stage disease, 57% a bulky mass and 25% a + iPET (DS 4-5). At baseline, high TLG was associated with an increased cumulative incidence of failure (CIF) (p = 0.032) while neither SUVmax, TMTV or TLG were associated with overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS). In multivariate analysis, only iPET was associated with CIF (p < 0.001). Among ΔSUVmax, ΔTMTV and ΔTLG, only a ΔSUVmax ≥ 68.8 was significant for PFS (HR: 0.31, CI95%: 0.11-0.86, p = 0.024). A subset of patients with improved PFS amongst + iPET was identified by the quantitative (ΔSUVmax ≥ 68.8%) analysis. In this real-world Brazilian cohort, with prevalent high-risk patients, quantitative analysis of PET0 did not demonstrate to be prognostic, while a dynamic approach incorporating the ΔSUVmax to + iPET succeeded in refining a subset with better prognosis. These findings warrant validation in larger series and indicate that not all patients with + iPET might need treatment intensification.

Development and validation of the Brazilian Version of Lay Persons' Social Judgements about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S).

The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Version of Lay Person's Social Judgement about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). A standardized photograph of a 16-year-old girl was manipulated by using photo editing software, to simulate different cleft-lip situations. The cleft-free image was used as a control. The researchers structured an initial questionnaire that was evaluated by experts and a sample of the target population to evaluate the construct. After analysis by the researchers, a final version of the B-LSojCleft-S containing 14 items was generated. Each answer was awarded score from 1 to 3 points, yielding a total score of 14 to 42 points. Higher scores represented better social judgements. The B-LSojCleft-S was applied online to 103 test participants and 73 retest participants with an interval of 20 days between application. Aspects of acceptability, discriminant property, internal consistency, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed using the Friedman test (p < 0.05). Reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha > 0.81. The B-LSojCleft-S showed high acceptability, strong discriminant property, excellent internal consistency and reliability, but had a floor and ceiling effect. The instrument reached valid and reliable scores and had acceptable psychometric properties to evaluate the social judgments of lay persons about different cleft lip situations in a Brazilian population.

Development and validation of the Brazilian Version of Lay Persons' Social Judgements about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S)

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Version of Lay Person's Social Judgement about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). A standardized photograph of a 16-year-old girl was manipulated by using photo editing software, to simulate different cleft-lip situations. The cleft-free image was used as a control. The researchers structured an initial questionnaire that was evaluated by experts and a sample of the target population to evaluate the construct. After analysis by the researchers, a final version of the B-LSojCleft-S containing 14 items was generated. Each answer was awarded score from 1 to 3 points, yielding a total score of 14 to 42 points. Higher scores represented better social judgements. The B-LSojCleft-S was applied online to 103 test participants and 73 retest participants with an interval of 20 days between application. Aspects of acceptability, discriminant property, internal consistency, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed using the Friedman test (p < 0.05). Reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha > 0.81. The B-LSojCleft-S showed high acceptability, strong discriminant property, excellent internal consistency and reliability, but had a floor and ceiling effect. The instrument reached valid and reliable scores and had acceptable psychometric properties to evaluate the social judgments of lay persons about different cleft lip situations in a Brazilian population.

Influence of music on the behavior of children during dental care / Influência da música no comportamento de crianças frente ao atendimento odontológico

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the role of music as a distraction technique to minimize anxiety during dental care in children aged 7 to 9 years when submitted to local anesthetic procedure. Method: This study was carried out in the Dentistry Module of the State University of Southwestern Bahia, located in the city of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. It was performed through the application of the Facial Image Scale, measurement of heart rate and blood pressure with the aid of the digital sphygmomanometer at two different times during pediatric dentistry care with and without the influence of classical music. Data were tabulated in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 21.0, expressed as medians and interquartile range. For inferential statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used and the analysis of the effect of music was calculated using the paired T-tests and Wilcoxon, considering a significance level of 95%. Results: The sample consisted of 7 children, mostly male, with a median of 8 years of age. Regarding the psychophysiological variables, no significant variations were observed compared to before and after in the groups with music and without music. Conclusion: In this study, no differences were found regarding the reduction of anxiety in the group in which music was used. Additional studies with a representative sample are needed.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o papel da música como técnica de distração para minimizar a ansiedade durante o atendimento odontológico em crianças de 7 a 9 anos de idade quando submetidas a procedimento anestésico local. Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado no Módulo de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, situado na cidade de Jequié - BA. Foi realizado a partir da aplicação da Facial Image Scale, mensuração da frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial com auxílio do esfigmomanômetro digital em dois momentos distintos ao longo do atendimento em odontopediatria com e sem a influência da música clássica. Os dados foram tabulados no software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 21.0, expressos como medianas e intervalo interquartílico. Para a estatística inferencial, utilizou-se o teste de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk e a análise do efeito da música foi calculada utilizando os testes T-pareado e o Wilcoxon, considerando nível de significância de 95%. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 7 crianças, pertencendo sua maioria ao sexo masculino, com uma mediana de 8 anos de idade. Em relação às variáveis psicofisiológicas, não foram observadas variações significativas em comparação ao antes e depois nos grupos com música e sem música. Conclusões: Neste estudo não foram encontradas diferenças no que diz respeito à redução da ansiedade no grupo em que a música foi utilizada, havendo necessidade de estudos adicionais, com amostra representativa.

Consolidative mediastinal radiotherapy for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma with bulky disease in patients who achieve complete response after chemotherapy in PET-CT era.

Background: The role of consolidation mediastinal radiotherapy (RT) for mediastinal bulky disease in advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is controversial in the positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) era. Materials and methods: We reviewed the medical charts of patients with advanced-stage (clinical stage IIX-IVX) cHL and mediastinal bulky that achieved a complete response after first line chemotherapy treatment between August 2010 and December 2020 and compared the results of those who received with those who did not receive consolidation mediastinal RT. Inclusion criteria required PET-CT imaging for staging and response assessment. Results: We included 115 patients; 91 received mediastinal RT and 24 did not. Patient's characteristics were balanced between the two groups. The median age in patients that received and did not receive mediastinal RT was 28 years and 24.5 years, respectively. Median International Prognostic Score among patients that received and did not receive mediastinal RT was 2 and 2.5, respectively. Disease free survival (DFS) was statistically better in patients that received mediastinal RT (p = 0.013). Two-year DFS for patients that received and did not receive mediastinal RT was 95.2% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 87.6-98.2%] and 76.4% (95% CI: 52.2-89.4%), respectively. Overall survival (OS) was not different between the two groups (p = 0.617). In multivariate analysis, not receiving mediastinal radiotherapy and only achieving partial response (vs. complete response) after 2 cycles of chemotherapy were factors predictive of lower DFS. Conclusion: DFS, but not OS, was superior in patients that received mediastinal RT.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cutting Scalpel Blades After Use and leaning by Different Methods / Avaliação da Efetividade do Corte de Lâminas de Bisturi Após Uso e Limpeza Por Diferentes Métodos

When performing incisions during oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, the surgeon requires a blade that ensures precise cuts which reduce unnecessary tissue injuries. After searching the literature, we realized that there is a lack of studies that assesses scalpel blades for dental use. Herein, this study aims to assess the cutting power of new scalpel blades after cleaning with different methods. Sixty sterile scalpel blades were divided into seven groups: I) new blade; II) the second insertion; III) blade cleaned with gauze; IV) blade cleaned with gauze and saline; V) blade cleaned with saline; VI) blade cleaned with cotton, and VII) blade cleaned with cotton and saline. A universal testing machine (Osvaldo Filizola, São Paulo, Brazil) was used for the insertion and measurement of the shear strength. The results revealed that cleaning the blade with gauze and saline was the method that had the greatest loss of the cutting capability. The reinsertion of the scalpel blade without any type of cleaning or the cleaning of the blade with cotton and saline were the methods that obtained the best result, which did not compromise the mechanical properties of the tested material. This study concludes that cleaning methods affect the cutting power of scalpel blade

Na execução dos procedimentos cirúrgicos bucais e maxilofaciais o operador, ao realizar incisões, necessita de uma lâmina que garanta um corte preciso, diminuindo lesões desnecessárias aos tecidos. Ao fazer uma busca na literatura, constatou-se carência de estudos que avaliassem lâminas de bisturi de uso odontológico. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o poder de corte de lâminas de bisturi novas e após limpeza com diferentes métodos. Sessenta lâminas de bisturi estéreis foram divididas em sete grupos: I) lâmina nova; II) segunda inserção; III) lâmina limpa com gaze; IV) lâmina limpa com gaze e soro; V) lâmina limpa com soro; VI) lâmina limpa com algodão e VII) lâmina limpa com algodão e soro. Para inserção e aferição da resistência ao corte utilizou-se uma máquina de ensaio universal (Osvaldo Filizola, São Paulo, Brasil). Os resultados revelaram que a limpeza da lâmina com gaze e soro fisiológico foi o método que teve maior perda de corte. Já a reinserção da lâmina de bisturi sem quaisquer tipos de limpeza ou a limpeza da lâmina com algodão e soro foram as que obtiveram melhor resultado, não comprometendo as propriedades mecânicas do material testado. Conclui-se, com a realização desse estudo, que os métodos de limpeza afetam o poder de corte das lâminas de bisturi.

Predictive Factors and Outcomes after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Brazil.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a potentially curative approach for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially for high-risk patients and those with relapsed/refractory disease, although its efficacy is offset by a not-negligible toxicity. Adult patients with ALL fare worse in developing countries, with little data about the HSCT in this setting. In this study, we aimed to describe outcomes and examine risk factors for overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), nonrelapse mortality (NRM), and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after HSCT for ALL in Brazilian centers. This retrospective registry study included patients with ALL or ambiguous lineage leukemia age >16 years who underwent a first HSCT at 5 Brazilian centers between January 2007 and December 2017. A total of 275 patients were included, with a median age of 31 years (range, 16 to 65 years). Thirty-five percent were Philadelphia chromosome-positive. A matched sibling donor was used in 53%, a matched unrelated donor (MUD) in 19%, a mismatched unrelated donor in 9%, a haploidentical donor in 19%, and umbilical cord blood in 5%. The engraftment failure rate was 1.5%. The 5-year cumulative incidence of acute grade II-IV was 54.2%, and that of chronic GVHD was 26.2%. Five-year CIR and NRM were 28.1% and 34.1%, respectively. Central nervous system involvement at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2) and disease status (HR, 1.8 for second or later complete response and 7.9 for refractory) were associated with increased relapse incidence, whereas the use of peripheral blood graft (HR, .51) and a haploidentical donor (HR, .4) significantly decreased relapse incidence. Five-year OS and LFS were 40.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.1-47.1) and 37.8% (95% CI, 32.3-44.1), respectively. Patient age, donor age, and disease status were independently associated with OS and LFS. Pre-HSCT positivity of minimal residual disease (>.01%) was associated with worse LFS (HR, 1.47) in available cases. This is the largest series of adults with ALL undergoing HSCT from Brazil reported to date. Although OS and LFS were similar to data reported in the literature, NRM was higher. Patient age and donor age outweighed donor type or graft source in our analysis. Interestingly, haploidentical HSCT was associated with lower CIR, whereas the use of MUDs was associated with higher NRM and GVHD rates. These results impact donor selection strategy in Brazil with the aim of offering timely HSCT for high-risk ALL patients in our setting.

Reabilitação oral em paciente acometido por cárie da primeira infância: relato de caso / Oral rehabilitation in a patient with severe early childhood caries: a case report

Objetivo: Apresentar as abordagens adotadas no tratamento estético reabilitador de paciente pediátrico acometido por cárie da primeira infância respeitando as individualidades e buscando a integralidade do paciente infantil. Relato do caso: O caso clínico descreve a reabilitação bucal realizada em uma criança de 4 anos e 6 meses de idade, diagnosticada com cárie da primeira infância. Após anamnese criteriosa, exames físicos e complementares e de posse do diagnóstico, estabeleceu-se um plano de tratamento obedecendo-se a todas as fases terapêuticas, nas quais a fase preparatória englobou abordagem psicológica, fluorterapia, exodontias e selamento dos dentes com cimento de ionômero de vidro. Posteriormente, procedeu-se à fase estético-re-abilitadora por meio de restaurações diretas e indireta, instalação de mantenedor de espaço estético-funcional e confecção e instalação de uma prótese total superior. Após a conclusão do tratamento odontológico, os responsáveis foram orientados quanto à necessidade e importância do tratamento multidisciplinar com o fonoaudiólogo para completa recuperação da saúde do paciente e de visitas periódicas ao cirurgião-dentista para acompanhamento. Conclusão: A reabilitação bucal da criança propiciou o restabelecimento das funções do sistema estomatognático e promoveu a recuperação da sua saúde bucal.

Aim: To present the approaches adopted in the rehabili-tative aesthetic treatment of pediatric patients affected by early childhood caries, respecting individualities and seeking the integrality of the child patient. Case report: The clinical case describes the oral rehabilitation performed in a child aged 4 years and 6 months, diagnosed with early childhood caries. After careful anamnesis, physical and complementary examinations and in possession of the diagnosis, a treatment plan was established, complying with all therapeutic phases, in which the preparatory phase included a psychological approach, fluortherapy, extractions and teeth sealing with glass ionomer cement. Subsequently, the esthetic-rehabilitation phase was carried out through direct and indirect restorations, installation of an esthetic-functional space maintainer and fabri-cation and installation of an upper total denture. After completion of the dental treatment, those responsible were instructed on the need and importance of multi-disciplinary treatment with the speech therapist for the complete recovery of the patient's health and periodic visits to the dentist for follow-up. Conclusion: The child's oral rehabilitation provided the reestablishment of the functions of the stomatognathic system and promoted the recovery of their oral health.

Cuidando de Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/Aids na Atenção Primária à Saúde: nova agenda de enfrentamento de vulnerabilidades? / Caring for People Living with HIV/Aids in Primary Health Care: a new agenda for facing vulnerabilities?

RESUMO A ampliação do papel da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no tratamento de Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/Aids (PVHA) tem potencial de expandir o acesso ao cuidado de saúde. Este artigo visa analisar implicações da descentralização da assistência de PVHA para a APS na (re)produção ou redução de vulnerabilidades. Os conceitos de violência simbólica; interseccionalidade; precariedade e vulnerabilidades orientaram a entrada em campo e a análise dos resultados. Foram realizados grupos focais com profissionais, observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários e profissionais de duas unidades de APS na região central do município do Rio de Janeiro. Como principais resultados, destacam-se as implicações das vulnerabilidades associadas à violência armada e às questões de gênero no cuidado em saúde das PVHA, a existência de efeitos paradoxais da lógica territorial, bem como tensões entre a organização do processo de trabalho na APS e as necessidades/expectativas de usuários. Concluímos que a ampliação do acesso coexiste com a produção de novos riscos, que refletem na continuidade e qualidade do cuidado. Sublinhamos a necessidade de fortalecimento das interações trabalhador-usuário e da reflexão sobre novos arranjos para a organização dos processos de trabalho, que resultem em mais proteção e cuidado às pessoas, evitando a ampliação de vulnerabilidades.

ABSTRACT The expansion of the role of Primary Health Care (PHC) in the treatment of people living with HIV/Aids (PLWHA) has the potential to expand access to health care. This article aims to analyze the implications of the decentralization of services for PLWHA to PHC and its impact on the (re)production or reduction of vulnerabilities. The concepts of symbolic violence; intersectionality; precariousness and vulnerabilities guided the entry into the field and the analysis of the results. This study involved participant observation, focus groups with professionals and semi-structured interviews with users and professionals from two PHC units of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The results highlight the implications of vulnerabilities associated with armed violence and gender issues in health care, the presence of paradoxical effects of territorial logic, as well as tensions between the organization of work processes in PHC and the needs and expectations. Advances in the expansion of access coexist with the production of new risks that impact the continuity and quality of care. We underscore the need to strengthen worker-user interactions and to reconsider new arrangements for the organization of work processes that may result in more protection and care than in the expansion of vulnerabilities.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a child with Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome after dental trauma: case report / Reabilitação protética de criança com Síndrome de Rubinstein Taybi após traumatismo dentário: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Rubinstein Taybi syndrome has a genetic origin in the chromosome 16. It has physical characteristics, delay in physical and mental development, and may present oral alterations. This paper aims to report a case of prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with syndrome who, due to dental trauma, lost dental elements early. Female patient, 4 years and 7 months old, with loss of the deciduous maxillary central incisors. The data collection was carried out through anamnesis, clinical and complementary exams. After the diagnosis and the establishment of the treatment plan, we made a Denari type prosthesis. It has a tube-bar mechanism that allows maxillary growth and development. At the end of treatment, the caregiver was instructed to make periodic visits to the dentist for clinical and radiographic follow-up of the prosthesis, as well as the need for treatment with the speech therapist. The loss of anterior deciduous teeth can be associated with trauma in this region and the dental absence can affect the development and behavior of children, promoting a change in daily life and impacting the quality of life of the whole family. The Denari prosthesis is a viable treatment option for children with this syndrome, as it accompanies the maxillary growth, restores the functions of the stomatognathic system, prevents deleterious oral habits and helps with phonetics. It is necessary for the dentist to be able to offer the best treatment for these patients, as the syndrome makes it difficult, but does not impede its execution.

RESUMO A Síndrome de Rubinstein Taybi tem origem genética no cromossomo 16. O paciente com essas condições apresenta características físicas, atraso no desenvolvimento físico e mental podendo apresentar alterações bucais. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de reabilitação protética de um paciente com a síndrome que, devido a traumatismo dentário, perdeu precocemente elementos dentários. Paciente do sexo feminino, 4 anos e 7 meses de idade, com ausência dos incisivos centrais superiores decíduos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de anamnese, exames clínico e complementares. Após o diagnóstico e estabelecimento do plano de tratamento, foi confeccionada uma prótese do tipo Denari. A mesma possui um mecanismo tubo barra que permite o crescimento e o desenvolvimento maxilar. Ao término do tratamento, a responsável foi orientada a fazer visitas periódicas ao cirurgião-dentista para acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico da prótese, bem como a necessidade do tratamento com o fonoaudiólogo. A perda de dentes decíduos anteriores pode estar associada a trauma nessa região e a ausência dentária pode afetar o desenvolvimento e o comportamento das crianças promovendo uma mudança no cotidiano e impactando a qualidade de vida de toda a família. A prótese Denari é uma opção viável de tratamento, para crianças com essa síndrome, pois não impede o crescimento maxilar, restitui as funções do sistema estomatognático, previne hábitos bucais deletérios e auxilia na fonética. É necessário que o dentista esteja capacitado para oferecer o melhor tratamento para esses pacientes, pois a síndrome dificulta, mas não impede a execução.

A interface entre atenção primária e especializada em cenário de descentralização de cuidados em HIV/Aids / Interface between primary and specialized care in a context of decentralization of services for HIV/AIDS

RESUMO A interação entre Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e especializada é tão relevante quanto crítica. O cuidado às Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/Aids (PVHA), que era realizado em ambulatórios especializados, recentemente, passou a se dar também pela APS, considerando seu potencial de ampliar o acesso. A partir de estudo de caso realizado em uma região municipal do Rio de Janeiro entre 2018 e 2019, discutiu-se tal problemática, destacando como resultados: desconhecimento/hesitação dos profissionais da atenção especializada sobre a atenção básica quanto à sua capacidade de cuidar das PVHA; priorização de investimento material, simbólico e político na atenção básica; quase inexistência de canais de diálogo entre serviços; entre outros. Na experiência estudada, a interface entre APS e atenção especializada tem se dado mais em uma lógica binária e de isolamento que em uma perspectiva de interação e gestão (compartilhada) do cuidado, que seria esperada em uma conformação de rede de atenção. Apesar dos potenciais ganhos de acesso e 'racionalização' do uso do especialista (infectologista), tais resultados indicam a necessidade de fortalecer processos e mecanismos de comunicação e interação entre profissionais de diferentes tipos de serviços, além de dispositivos de coordenação dos cuidados, como apoio matricial e prontuário eletrônico integrado em rede.

ABSTRACT The interaction between Primary Health Care (PHC) and specialized care is as relevant as it is critical. The care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), carried out in specialized outpatient clinics, was implemented in PHC for its potential to expand access. Based on a case study conducted in a municipal region of Rio de Janeiro between 2018 and 2019, we examine the issue and highlight the following results: lack of knowledge and/or doubts of specialty care professionals about the effective delivery of services to PLWHA in primary care; prioritization of material, symbolic, and political investment in primary care; limited channels for dialogue between services, among others. In this study, we found the interface between PHC and specialized care to emphasize a binary logic that favors isolation instead of interaction and shared management principles expected in an integrated healthcare system. Despite the potential gains in access and 'rationalization' justifying the use of the specialist (infectious disease specialist), these results indicate the need to strengthen processes of communication and interaction between professionals from different types of services, in addition to strategies to reinforce the coordination of care, such as matrix support and integrated electronic medical records.

Intermittent abdominal pain in IgA vasculitis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess intermittent abdominal pain in IgA vasculitis patients and its relation to demographic data, clinical manifestations and treatments. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study included 322 patients with IgA vasculitis (EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria) seen at the Pediatric Rheumatology Unit in the last 32 years. Sixteen patients were excluded due to incomplete data in medical charts. Intermittent abdominal pain was characterized by new abdominal pain after complete resolution in the first month of disease. RESULTS: Intermittent abdominal pain was observed in 35/306 (11%) IgA vasculitis patients. The median time between first and second abdominal pain was 10 days (3-30 days). The main treatment of intermittent abdominal pain included glucocorticoid [n=26/35 (74%)] and/or ranitidine [n=22/35 (63%)]. Additional analysis showed that the frequency of intermittent purpura/petechiae (37 vs. 21%; p=0.027) and the median of purpura/petechiae duration [20 (3-90) vs. 14 (1-270) days; p=0.014] were significantly higher in IgA vasculitis patients with intermittent abdominal pain compared to those without. Gastrointestinal bleeding (49 vs. 13%; p<0.001), nephritis (71 vs. 45%; p=0.006), glucocorticoid (74 vs. 44%; p=0.001) and intravenous immunoglobulin use (6 vs. 0%; p=0.036) were also significantly higher in the former group. The frequency of ranitidine use was significantly higher in IgA vasculitis patients with intermittent abdominal pain versus without (63 vs. 28%; p<0.001), whereas the median of ranitidine duration was reduced in the former group [35 (2-90) vs. 60 (5-425) days; p=0.004]. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent abdominal pain occurred in nearly a tenth of IgA vasculitis patients, in the first 30 days of disease, and was associated with other severe clinical features. Therefore, this study suggests that these patients should be followed strictly with clinical and laboratorial assessment, particularly during the first month of disease course.

Improving the objectivity of the current World Para Swimming motor coordination test for swimmers with hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis using measures of movement smoothness, rhythm and accuracy.

The current protocol for classifying Para swimmers with hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis involves a physical assessment where the individual's ability to coordinate their limbs is scored by subjective clinical judgment. The lack of objective measurement renders the current test unsuitable for evidence-based classification. This study evaluated a revised version of the Para swimming assessment for motor coordination, incorporating practical, objective measures of movement smoothness, rhythm error and accuracy. Nineteen Para athletes with hypertonia and 19 non-disabled participants performed 30 s trials of bilateral alternating shoulder flexion-extension at 30 bpm and 120 bpm. Accelerometry was used to quantify movement smoothness; rhythm error and accuracy were obtained from video. Para athletes presented significantly less smooth movement and higher rhythm error than the non-disabled participants (p < 0.05). Random forest algorithm successfully classified 89% of participants with hypertonia during out-of-bag predictions. The most important predictors in classifying participants were movement smoothness at both movement speeds, and rhythm error at 120 bpm. Our results suggest objective measures of movement smoothness and rhythm error included in the current motor coordination test protocols can be used to infer impairment in Para swimmers with hypertonia. Further research is merited to establish the relationship of these measures with swimming performance.

Representações sociais de mulheres sobre a violência doméstica / Representaciones sociales de mujeres sobre violencia doméstica / Social representations of women on domestic violence

Objetivo: Analisar as representações sociais de mulheres sobre violência doméstica contra a mulher. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP) e entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram 80 mulheres em situação de violência. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo software EVOC e pela Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Foi obtido um corpus constituído de 77,75% de evocações livres, os termos agressão, humilhação, medo e xingamento foram os constituidores do núcleo central, sendo os mais evocados. Os termos agressão e xingamento obtiveram maior expressividade, sendo considerados as principais representações da violência sofrida. Conclusões: As representações sociais de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica, à luz de suas experiências, encontram-se permeadas de medo, tristeza, insegurança, revelando uma significativa insatisfação; assim, o cuidado integral de enfermagem deve respeitar essas particularidades(AU)

Objective: To analyze the social representations of women about domestic violence against women. Methods: Qualitative research, based on the Theory of Social Representations. Data were collected through the Free Word Association Test (TALP) and semi-structured interviews. Participants were 80 women in situations of violence. The data obtained were analyzed by the EVOC software and the Content Analysis Technique. Results: A corpus consisting of 77.75% of the free evocations, thus, it is observed that from the results obtained, the terms aggression, humiliation, fear and swearing were the constitutors of the central nucleus, being the most evoked. The term aggression and swearing obtained greater expressiveness and the main representations of the violence suffered. Conclusions: The social representations of women in situations of domestic violence, in the light of their experiences, are permeated with fear, sadness, insecurity, revealing a significant dissatisfaction, so comprehensive nursing care must respect these particularities(AU)

Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales de las mujeres sobre la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, basada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Los datos fueron recopilados a través de la Prueba de Asociación de Palabras Libres (TALP) y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las participantes eran 80 mujeres en situaciones de violencia. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados por el software EVOC y la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: Se obtuvo un corpus compuesto por 77,75% de las evocaciones gratuitas, así, se observa que a partir de los resultados obtenidos, los términos agresión, humillación, miedo y juramento eran los constitutores del núcleo central, siendo los más evocados. Se consideró el término agresión y juramento obtenido una mayor expresividad y las principales representaciones de la violencia sufrida. Conclusiones: Las representaciones sociales de las mujeres en situaciones de violencia doméstica, a la luz de sus experiencias, están impregnadas de miedo, tristeza, inseguridad, revelando una insatisfacción significativa, por lo que la atención integral de enfermería debe respetar esas particularidades(AU)

[Health on the fringes: dilemmas of the territoriality of Primary Health Care for refugees in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. / Saúde nas margens: dilemas da territorialidade da Atenção Primária em Saúde no cuidado aos refugiados no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

This article presents and analyzes the tensions, negotiations and arrangements that comprise the process of devising a care structure for the refugee population in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro within the scope of Primary Health Care (PHC). We are of the opinion that the creation of this care structure is derived from the intersection of more than one normative regime, namely that of health and that of the refuge location, which represent an organization and structure that is often conflicting. In this respect, we examine the intermediary agency work that the health operators perform with the government regulations they have at their disposal to combine the notions of territoriality that orient both PHC and the dimension experienced by the refugees. It is perceived that Primary Care is a privileged place for the visibility and mapping of this population based on focused strategies of health promotion actions and alliance with a community leader, since it is a more porous level of care for flexibilization of the normal services of the Unified Health System.

Sobre jogos de (des)montar: Covid-19e Atenção Primária à Saúde / About (un) assembling games: Covid-19 and primary health care

Propomos uma reflexão sobre o que chamamos aqui, não sem ironia, jogos de (des)montar. Por um lado, sublinhar opções políticas que podem ser traduzidas em números negativos (demissões, desmonte de equipes, redução da cobertura do modelo de equipes de Saúde da Família); por outro, salientar experiências de pesquisas de campo que mostram a potência desse modelo públicopara a saúde, mesmo em resposta a um cenário de transformação rápida. Vamos relacionar os números nefastos da pandemia no município do Rio de Janeiro à diminuição da cobertura territorial da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e, a partir disso, discutir as potências do SUS para transtornar interesses de matriz neoliberale disputar “corações e mentes na defesa de um projeto nacional de desenvolvimento popular, soberano e solidário”. A partir de dados de campo de duas pesquisas conduzidas em unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) da cidade, procuraremos relacionar a especial capilaridade da AtençãoPrimária à Saúde (APS), com sua atuação centrada no território, à sua capacidade de interagir com os contextos comunitários dos usuários. Essa característica torna esse nível de atenção imprescindível no controle da multiplicação desenfreada de casosda Covid-19. Em face de um novo agente que a ciência apenas começa a conhecer, as recomendações dos especialistas devotos do método científico e dos ensaios clínicosrandomizados têm convergido em uma direção única: o distanciamento social e a higienização das mãos e de objetos

Saúde nas margens: dilemas da territorialidade da Atenção Primária em Saúde no cuidado aos refugiados no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Health on the fringes: dilemmas of the territoriality of Primary Health Care for refugees in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Resumo Este artigo apresenta e analisa as tensões, negociações e conjugações constituintes do processo de construção de um fluxo de atendimento para a população refugiada no município do Rio de Janeiro no âmbito da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Entendemos que a construção de tal fluxo se desenha a partir da intersecção de mais de um regime normativo - o da saúde e o do refúgio, que definem uma organização e fluxos com frequência conflitantes. Dessa forma, partimos dos agenciamentos que fazem os operadores da saúde das normativas governamentais das quais dispõem para conjugar as noções de territorialidade que organizam tanto a APS quanto a dimensão do vivido entre os refugiados. Percebe-se ser a Atenção Primária um lugar privilegiado de visibilização e mapeamento dessa população a partir de estratégias focalizadas de ações de promoção de saúde e aliança com um líder comunitário, já que é um nível de atenção mais poroso à flexibilização do fluxo normal do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract This article presents and analyzes the tensions, negotiations and arrangements that comprise the process of devising a care structure for the refugee population in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro within the scope of Primary Health Care (PHC). We are of the opinion that the creation of this care structure is derived from the intersection of more than one normative regime, namely that of health and that of the refuge location, which represent an organization and structure that is often conflicting. In this respect, we examine the intermediary agency work that the health operators perform with the government regulations they have at their disposal to combine the notions of territoriality that orient both PHC and the dimension experienced by the refugees. It is perceived that Primary Care is a privileged place for the visibility and mapping of this population based on focused strategies of health promotion actions and alliance with a community leader, since it is a more porous level of care for flexibilization of the normal services of the Unified Health System.

The alkylaminoalkanethiosulfuric acids exhibit in-vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: a new perspective for use of these schistosomicidal agents.

The alkylaminoalkanethiosulfuric acids (AAATs) are amphipathic compounds effective against experimental schistosomiasis, of low toxicity, elevated bioavailability after a single oral dose and prompt tissue absorption. OBJECTIVES: To explore the in-vitro antileishmanial potential of AAATs using five compounds of this series against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. METHODS: Their effects on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, and cytotoxicity to macrophages were tested by the MTT method, and on Leishmania-infected macrophages by Giemsa stain. Effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential of promastigotes and axenic amastigotes and DNA of intracellular amastigotes were tested using JC-1 and TUNEL assays, respectively. KEY FINDINGS: The 2-(isopropylamino)-1-octanethiosulfuric acid (I) and 2-(sec-butylamino)-1-octanethiosulfuric acid (II) exhibit activity against both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 25-35 µm), being more toxic to intracellular parasites than to the host cell. Compound I induced a loss of viability of axenic amastigotes, significantly reduced (30%) the mitochondrial membrane potential of both promastigotes and axenic amastigotes and promoted selective DNA fragmentation of the nucleus and kinetoplast of intracellular amastigotes. CONCLUSIONS: In this previously unpublished study of trypanosomatids, it is shown that AAATs could also exhibit selective antileishmanial activity, a new possibility to be investigated in oral treatment of leishmaniasis.